As scientists collect data that are closer to chimpanzees to man. They are sentient, self-aware beings with a strong cognitive skills and a proven ability to communicate, express reason, emotion, fit, and also to manipulate and deceive. 98.5% identical to the genetic material with that of humans, chimpanzees are similar to humans than gorillas. So, there are significant ethical implications on the use of chimpanzees in captivity and laboratory experiments. Below is a firstExamination of chimpanzees:
Chimpanzees live in areas composed of 21 African countries including grasslands, savannas and dry forests. They often live in communities that range from 20 to 100 members. Two species of chimpanzees are – the common chimpanzee (four subspecies) and the bonobo (also known as "pygmy" is known), the former exists on a diet of fruit and meat to feed exclusively on fruit the second. Their average lifespan is between 40-50 years. Chimpanzees arecurrently listed as threatened mainly by deforestation and poaching.
I. brain size / structure / nervous system:
The chimps have a brain and nervous system comparable to that of a man. They learn very quickly, have the ability to generate creative responses, expressing feelings (through sounds, gestures and facial expressions) to influence their environment, and share the same qualitative experience pain in spite of a cerebral cortex that about 1 / 3 the size is thatin humans.
The average brain weighs 437 grams chimpanzees compared to 1.3 kg for the average person. When comparing brain size to body size – of the brain developmental quotient (EQ), records the average brain chimpanzees approximately 2.49 (the third at 7.44 and 5.31 of the average EQ humans and dolphins, monkeys rhesus is the fourth 2.09). This indicates a high level of cognitive ability.
Both humans and chimpanzees engage in sleep itself. This includes the stages of rapid eye movement(REM), which suggests the two is likely that the dream of the situation.
II social context:
Chimpanzees are very social, in accordance with the humans, other apes, dolphins and other animals show a high degree of intelligence.
They spend equal time on earth and the trees (where they build nests to sleep, although some chimpanzees in Senegal's south-east savanna Fongoli spend much time in caves) and go from territory to territory in search of food. Even if atypical community may include up to 100 chimpanzees often lose time to separate into small parties, mothers and their dependent children in case of refusal. Each family chimpanzees (to which individuals have strong ties) is an alpha or dominant males (bonobos, even if run by women), which leads them to protect hunting, territory and make war. Each community is hierarchical in nature, where the strength and intelligence to bring added respect. Women are the only women who move freelybetween communities.
Chimpanzees prefer to enjoy sharing rewarded with a partner. A study by Alicia Melis Iceland Ngamba Chimpanzee Sanctuary in Uganda in altruism "in-built 'in humans by Helen Briggs (BBC News, March 3, 2006) found that documented chimpanzees recognize and appreciate the importance of cooperation. If such cooperation in an experiment that simultaneously pulling two ends of a rope to a platter of food required to obtain, chimpanzees consistently requestedselected the best partners in words Melis', "a measure of human understanding [only see in it]."
In their communities, maintain chimpanzees complicated social network where to touch, grooming (the rest creates and strengthens friendships) and the hugs are important for maintaining cohesion. The game is also an important part of the life of a chimpanzee, especially in men, when they are young.
Chimpanzees are one of the few ways to teach their skills to youngand culture (among communities, which are transmitted from women to move between groups). Young chimpanzees 6-8 years (taught primarily by their mothers) spend much of their time learning social skills, culture and community facilities through the practice of observation, imitation and repetitive. At the same time, however, studies to illustrate the recent studies that have humans and monkeys have in common – and what they do (Anne Casselman, October 11 Smithsonian.comShow 2007), "Human children are far more demanding skills to do … with the imitation of another solution to a problem that non-verbal communication and reading the intentions of [the] other."
The chimpanzees typical pregnancy lasts 8 months. Chimps young are weaned from their mothers for three years, and puberty are available in groups of three years later. For chimpanzees, it takes three years to puberty.
When it comes to treating their deaths, often make frequent visits to see chimpanzees andweeping over the body of the deceased. Then he covers it with leaves and twigs before continuing.
III. Multimodal Sensory Perception:
Chimpanzees and humans use the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch) to perceive the world around them. Sight and smell, are discussed in two critical senses used by chimpanzees.
The anatomical and morphological structure of chimpanzees is similar to the human eye. Similarly, their view is similar.Consequently, unlike most non-primate dicromats (their perception of color is based on two colors), primates (including chimpanzees and humans), trichromatic. If the nerves of the retina to capture the light, use his brain three fixed wavelengths / colors to create a rich and colorful. As a result of their similar morphological and anatomical structure of the eye and visual processing, chimps can suffer from some limitations as a human being (for example, Lucky, a maleChimpanzee in Japan suffer from color blindness).
Chimpanzees have an excellent sense of smell plays a crucial role in their social interactions. In addition to face recognition, chimpanzees use smell to identify each other and their understanding of a different state of mind, as each one radiates unmistakable smell of pheromones that can be found in their feces, urine and glandular secretions .
Apart from the sight and smell, chimpanzees also rely on the hearing (using a similarHuman hearing range) and to a lesser extent, touch and taste. It should be noted that chimpanzees, like humans, if they have a choice, they prefer sweets.
IV Form of recognition:
Studies have shown that chimpanzees, like humans are "more sensitive to deformation (important for the construction of three-dimensional objects) as a convex concave deformation." They also view the forms and mentally handle two-dimensional objects in the same way as humans [1].
Based on this similarityand the similar structure of the eyes and visual processing abilities, it is likely, chimpanzees are able to satisfy both simple and complex shapes. More research, however, must be done in this area.
V. Recognition separate mirror (MSR):
Possessing the ability to sense / self-consciousness (thinking to themselves in the physical and spiritual) shows a more complex level of abstract thinking, rare among animals. Chimpanzees possess this self-consciousness and are capable of symbolicthought.
Studies have shown that chimpanzees can recognize themselves in the mirror and realize their behavior and body. While the tests showed MSR chimpanzees have selective attention (you can pay attention to themselves in a mirror, aware that they regarded themselves instead of another animal). If chimpanzees were stained with red dye on the eyebrows, odorless non-toxic, and the opposite ear, went into a mirror and carefully examined the marks on their bodies. ScientificEvidence that chimpanzees and other apes have a degree, "theory of other minds", where you recognize people have their beliefs. It 'also very likely that dolphins and chimpanzees, like humans can make the difference between reality and be seen.
VI. Language / communication and emotion:
Although chimpanzees do not have the vocal cords, the ability to speak and sound for each object as a people, communicating throughNoise (eg barking, screams, shouts, etc.), facial expressions (which require great attention to details or viewing more than one aspect of a facial expression, so that the nuances of meaning that are not always evident, are interpreted correctly), poses and gestures (hands, feet and legs). Although the majority of chimpanzees sounds are connected to a particular emotion, some are associated with more than one emotion in contact. In addition, each chimp, to identify the reasonshas its own calls in harmony with humans and dolphins, their voices and noises, respectively.
Chimpanzee use of intentional communication with the individual and group instruction to meet their needs and feelings to convey an essential part of their social behavior. Certain behaviors are communication that passes through the generations.
A brief summary of the various emotions associated with chimpanzees and the noise is listed below:
1 Anger: Waa (bark)
2Anguish: Hoo
3 The enjoyment of physical contact: Lip Smack
4 Enjoyment of food: Aah
Pleasure 5 / Voltage: pants (Hoot)
6 Fear: Wraa or Pant (Bark)
Hostility 7: Screaming
A brief summary of the chimpanzee and the emotions associated with facial expressions is also listed:
1 Aggression: display of teeth in a mouth wide open, with erect hairs
Fear 2 / help: display of teeth with lips pulled back in a horizontal
3 Intense fear: Full open smile
4 Playful:Mouth slightly open in a relaxed position
Angry 5 / Begging: pursed lips, as if with a kiss
Presentation 6: Horizontal Pout
Chimpanzees to communicate "what" "where", and "who", but the past or the future. Communication takes place immediately on the present. But, as Deborah Fouts, co-director of the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute reported by Brandon Keim, Chimps: no man, but there are people? (Wired Science, October 14, 2008), "You knowto remember the past to understand [and] the idea that something happens later. "
Chimpanzees are able to understand American Sign Language (ASL) gestures and to learn associations between symbols, sounds and objects without special reinforcement or direct intervention. In early 1970, he learned to Washoe, a chimpanzee female chimpanzee four other 100 + characters followed. Washoe currently in use up to 240 characters can be learned and adopted son, even without human ASLIntervention.
Another female chimp, Lucy, has also recognized that the word order of a difference when his coach does the signs to tickle him, rather than by a desire to tickle her. However, it is unlikely that chimpanzees can conceptualize virtual reality sounds and symbols to do as human beings.
But, as Valerie A. Kuhlmeier and Sarah T. Boysen, chimpanzees recognize spatial and object correspondences between a scale model and its referent (Psychological Science, Vol 13, Issue 1,March 19, 2002), chimpanzees, like children, "are sensitive to both spatial and object-relational correspondences between a model and its referent (a person or thing to which a linguistic expression (eg, word, symbol) refers). "
Facial recognition is another important part of communication. In line with chimpanzees show species-specific human face recognition, easier to distinguish between the faces of other species such as chimpanzees. However, the chimpanzee infantsreceive significant exposure of human faces are more distinguish between human faces. By Julie Martin Malivel Kazunori Okada, and in recognition of human faces and chimpanzee chimpanzees. Role of exposure and impact on categorical perception (Psycnet, American Psychological Association, December 2007) "The exposure is a critical factor in the same species and even in the face detection nonconspecific for the development of face recognition in chimpanzees child ( Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi, et.al. Science Direct. December 20, 2005), children chimpanzees that develop in human infants, the models of the face rather than face-like patterns of study during his early days.
Chimpanzees show typically affectionate nature, the feelings of their own species and others. They show interest in mourning for the ill or injured members of the deceased (to the point that a healthy young man died of a heart attack a few weeks after the death of his mother), show enthusiasm andJoy in the game, as well as fear and worry. In harmony with people, chimpanzees have emotions that last for a short duration and moods that can last for longer periods. In addition, studies show baby chimps have the same range of emotions like human babies, but better control themselves when it comes to weep uncontrollably. The only chimpanzees seem to possess no human emotions in spite of it.
VII Memory:
Chimpanzees have an excellent memory systems. You may rememberFaces, symbols and numbers, and learn behaviors that can lead to negative or a rewarding experience.
In line with the people to keep chimpanzees have a better memory of events and emotions of those who are neutral to elicit.
Chimpanzees have an extraordinary spatial memory, which Chimps mental map where fruit trees (Matt Walker, BBC News, August 6, 2009) remember the exact location of "a single tree with more than 12,000 others in one pieceForest. "As the forest chimpanzees do not remember the location of the many fruit trees (Emmanuelle Normant, Dagu Ban Simon, and Christophe Boesch, Animal Cognition, 31 May 2009), as spatial memory" allows [chimpanzees] to remember the needs of large resource and use this information to select the most interesting resources. "
In addition, plans chimpanzees (debunking previously thought that only people capable of such planning are the future). Since 1997, Santino, a male chimpanzee in aZoo north of Stockholm, Sweden, during sleep, has repeatedly arsenal of stones arranged so as to throw viewers for a future "show domain". More impressive, he also knew how to recognize weak and break pieces of concrete to add to his cache at his table.
VIII tools and problem solving:
Chimpanzees and other primates are the first actual use of tools (such as chimps use spears to hunt bush Fongoli and kill the bush baby (a nocturnal primates), CongoChimpanzees use a thin toolkit "brush tip" sticks and leaf blades "fish" for termites and to open the hives to break big club is to get the honey, the use Nimba Mountain (Guinea) chimpanzees splitter wooden wedges stabilization and stone anvils to crack and hack Treculia fruit, using all crumpled leaves as sponges to absorb water from tree holes). In fact, they were tools for over 4300 years, based on a discovery of stone tools (likeIn order sizes and tools used by modern chimpanzees) ate nuts to crack (in collaboration with modern species of chimpanzee) in Tai National Park, Côte d'Ivoire used. In addition, sick or injured chimps often rely on medicines or medicinal plants as remedies for healing and / or to relieve their pain and suffering.
Use with analog instruments, chimpanzees can reason and solve problems. Through the use of abstract thought, how people can solve problems without training (egRetrieve bananas that are beyond the reach targeted by the logic).
When it comes to mathematics, in particular we remember the numbers, the young university students chimpanzees (if the numbers on a screen of a second for.4 versus.7 the second, although both were relatively executed) and exceeded the standard British Ben Pridmore memory. Based on I am the champion! Ape trounce the best of the human world in memory competition (Fiona Macrae, Mail Online, January 26, 2008), Amyumu to 7 yearsmale chimpanzee in Japan carried out three times, and Pridmore, when it came to remember the location of numbers on a computer screen.
IX. Art and Culture:
If it were the right tools (such as paint, brushes and canvas) chimpanzees possess the talent, an extraordinary artist whose abstract paintings rivals some of the samples. Congo (1954-1964), a male chimpanzee painted more than 400 abstracts from the age of 2 to 4 years after harvest, a pencil and draw a linewithout human urges. During the auction in 2005, three paintings by Congo went for £ 14,400, while a painting by Andy Warhol (1928-1987) and a small sculpture by French master Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) has created a lack of interest and were withdrawn. [2] Since the Congo, have been following the chimpanzees, making works just as impressive (for example, a female chimpanzee, Melody, creates images that sell for between $ 1,000 and $ 7,500 for individuals and three large triptychsyears, chimpanzees, Asuka has about 90 paintings, some of which have been exhibited in galleries in Tokyo has created).
Chimpanzees have an innate ability to recognize and listen to music. Based on scientific studies with a baby chimpanzee (the BBC reported July 30, 2009), which, like humans, prefer consonant to the dissonant music. In addition, when music was played to make the spirits of chimpanzees in the elevator Zoo Mysore in southern India, one who had previously resided in a circus,observed there was dancing.
Chimpanzees also have preferences for television. With Kate Baker, enrichment coordinator at the regional level Yerkes Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, as said unnecessary Hazy Future Lab Chimps (David Berreby, the New York Times, 4 February 1997) do enjoy National Geographic shows, programs, chimpanzees, and the use of tools and shows to discuss with people.
X Altruism / moral
Chimpanzees and other apes have a sense ofMorality and fairness, despite the barbaric acts during combat. Monkeys and apes between right and wrong, say scientists (Daily Mail Reporter, February 15, 2009), offer "selfless help and compassion for other animals in need [and] even seem to consciousness and the ability to create a feeling a sense of obligation. "Consistent with this empathy and altruism, female chimpanzees mirror of human behavior, play a crucial role in mediating conflicts, when two male fightersresolve their differences, females often have to intervene and remove the stones from their hands – is likely to strengthen their communities, to bring division and discord weakness and vulnerability.
From Emory University, Atlanta, GA studies, chimpanzees also expect a reward equal for the same job (which sulking and refused to participate further if others have received major awards), which suggests a sense of justice and fairness. Also, they were often willing to help others(Including humans), although there is no reward.
If a community is different from chimpanzees of the code of social conduct is punished by the group together (as a group of chimpanzees at the Arnhem Zoo in the Netherlands showed that punishes the chimpanzees who showed up late for dinner, because no one ate until when all were present).
Moreover, as with humans, chimpanzees can remember who preferred (for example, have treated) and who was wrong. They are more likely to shareDinner with the former. Similarly, chimpanzees have the capacity to forgive, as in a passage from the book by Frans de Waal describes peacemaking among primates (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990) – "Nikki, the group's leader, has slapped a little Hennie. Hennie temporary office, a young adult female of nine years, sits next to a little 'feeling with the hand position on the back of the neck, where he met Nikkie seem to forget the incident;. enables themGrass and stared into the distance. More than 15 minutes later, Hennie rises slowly and goes directly to a group that includes Nikkie … [It] is approaching with a series of grunts Nikkie soft pants. Then he reached out to offer the back of the hand for a kiss Nikki. Nikkie kiss is to take over all Hennie rather unceremoniously into his mouth. This contact is followed by a mouth-to-mouth kiss. "
In addition, chimpanzees have the ability to perform selflesslyeffective, although the majority of cases in which another is actively seeking help are limited. Examples are as follows:
1 When Knuckles, in 1999 with cerebral palsy, a debilitating illness (which the children suffer from 5.000 to 10.000 per year in the United States) sit with reduced mobility was born (before therapy, and instead would only eat if fed), is been introduced to other chimps housed in the Center for Great Apes, Wauchula, FL, and a sanctuary for chimpanzees, orangutans, have deliberatelyState. He treated it with gentleness and meekness constantly (for example, a lot of time to sit down with him to play with him, and products for body care for him).
Find two scientists beginning of morality in primate behavior by Nicholas Wade (The New York Times, March 20, 2007), "chimpanzees can not swim, are in the zoo moats trying to save others drowned," and often "to the console losers "after a fight between two fighters.
3 A study conducted by Felix Warneken and his colleagues at the Max PlanckInstitute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany 27 (Genuine Altruism may Chimps Nora Schultz-AD) was published in the June 2007 issue of New Scientist has found that 67% of semi-wild chimpanzees altruistic stranger who had struggled to reach a support staff, even if they give a 2 ½-foot climbing rope was unrewarded. He also taught a different group of chimpanzees to open a door and a chain unpeg always the case for chimpanzees haveNot if they tried to open the door without success.
4 A study by Japanese researchers at Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (Kyoto, Japan) National Geographic (published Chimps display human-like Goodwill, October 19, 2009) found that chimpanzees trained to use sticks straws (drinking juice ), that have been made to recover, used their training to meet the others who were not prepared to attend 75% of the time, if these chimpanzees, who, Did not appear to require assistance.
XI. Warfare:
In accordance with human behavior, the chimpanzees (with the exception of bonobos) and can be fiercely territorial war, if committed to combat and primitive analogy to prehistoric man. Although chimps can use stones or their hands and feet in a fight before the day with spears and other crude weapons to not be far away. When isolated chimp also showed the same trends as the people hate, rape,Torture, mutilation and genocide (as documented in two cases, certificates).
Chimpanzees longest war – the war of Gombe (1974-1977), that if the community was Kasekela into two groups (with the new group, the community Kahama, entering a new valley in 1972) split and ended Jane Goodall showed genocide documented in chimpanzees of Gombe (Belknap Press, 1986). Since 1974, a group of males in the region and advanced Kasekela Kahama. There, he ledto kill the violent assault against Kahama chimpanzees with the intention, as physical attacks will not stop until their victim completely incapacitated, and have been mortally wounded. During the attack, which lasted in 1977, showed that males Kasekela "considerable excitement and joy," as the acquisition and anticipates active killing (which have been mutilated and eaten or partially eaten cannibals) their victims . The war ended only when the Gombe community was completely Kahamaexterminated and their land taken over the community Kasekela.
From Wired for war? (Science World, February 2005), in August 1998 "Researchers in Uganda [observed] a group of male chimpanzees in the body stiffly beaten and just killed another male chimpanzee. His trachea, nails, [nails], and testes. Torn "Monkeys With War … It is in our genes? chimpanzee deaths was "active [also] covered 30 or 40 stab wounds and cuts [with] ribsfrom the chest. "Based on the wounds of the deceased, was" clear that some of the men who had pushed him, while the other attacked. "
In general, when chimpanzees engage in war, a group of men sneaking into the territory of another municipality and looking at the isolated males or older women (and sometimes even their young) to attack. According to human hunter-gatherer societies (of which the war is endemic, with 64% participation in battles every two years for monkeys of war … it's in our genes?)Chimpanzees often fight over resources such as food and women – often exploiting and plundering the conquered territory. Ironically, human activities like logging, as in 13th May 1997 issue of The New York Times, forcing a contribution to the war that have taken away their habitat chimpanzee communities in the territory of the other retirement communities.
XII. Laboratory research and ethics:
With compelling evidence that chimpanzees and other primates aresentient beings (to improve the adaptability and survival) have human characteristics (eg, emotions such as stress and anxiety), similar to the nervous system (which you may feel the same pain and suffering qualitative), and more than 90% of the same genetic code, ethical factors that determine the research laboratory that uses violence as non-consenting subjects prohibited, especially as these experiments showed little or no tangible benefit.
A review of 749 publishedExperiments with chimpanzees for more than ten years from 1995-2004, as set out in the Chimpanzee experiments: questionable contributions to biomedical progress by Andrew Knight (AATEX, 6 th World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Experimentation, Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, 21 to 25 August 2007) revealed that only 14.7% of tests are used and "well-developed methods for combating human diseases," in particular "no study chimpanzees made a significant contribution, or in most cases, a clearContribution of any kind ".
Non-human primates in medical research: Sensible or dispensed by Jarrod Bailey, Ph.D. (September 2006), "all areas of the [non-human primates (NPH)] research provides evidence against his benefit," scientific knowledge based on the following points:
1 NHPs do not suffer from AIDS if they become infected with HIV, the experimental results obtained from security to the people [and] NHP approved vaccines in humans [extrapolated despite billions of dollarsExpenses].
2 NHP experiments have failed to [understand] a contribution to the hepatitis virus (HPV), [create vaccines] to understand and damage to liver cells.
3 NHP models have failed to inform us of the pathology of Alzheimer's [because they do not get Alzheimer's disease].
4 are fundamental differences in symptoms and pathology of Parkinson's disease is between humans and NHPs.
5 Found about 150 drugs used for animals in convulsions of success (often NHPs) havesuccess in humans.
6 Hormone replacement therapy found effective against heart disease and stroke in NHPs may increase the risk in humans.
7 There are significant differences in viral infections and diseases between humans and NHPs.
8 gene expression when (for example, are involved in 20 of 333 genes in human cancer NHPs vary) speaks of disease, is common to vary with only 20% of the proteins of humans and NHPs found.
Although research onChimpanzees and other apes is banned in many countries, is still performed in the United States, despite the security measures according to law chimpanzees improve health care and protection.
Perhaps the most convincing argument for the ban on the use of chimpanzees as guinea pigs in a laboratory study that the survival of chimpanzees in the laboratory similar phases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (which can be found may persist for a long time and suffered symptoms of which include,not anger, anxiety, depression, anxiety, etc.) is limited as human victims of torture. Lab chimps limited (often kept in a cage, isolated, unpredictable environments, over which they have no control on hold) are self-mutilation because of severe physical and mental suffering, they are forced to endure active. From undercover investigations, leading to chimpanzees Cruelty Research Laboratory (The Humane Society of the United States, March 4, 2009), "the cry of a monkey, as forcibly removed from theirMothers … Chimpanzees show intense fear … when constrained in the direction of [ago] in their cages Press [and even a chimpanzee siafu] trying to move to discuss with the staff [with] oil begging gestures. "
If the British government banned the use of chimpanzees for research in 1986, says Steve Connor, science editor for The Independent in the guide chimpanzee research, say scientists (March 27, 2001), cited as "a moral issue. 'S problems cognitive and behavioral [sic]Functions and features of these animals say it is immoral to treat them as expendable for research. "No wonder the European Union to ban the use of chimpanzees in motion laboratory.
By Connor, "the development of new techniques of genetic engineering, which allows many" models "are of human diseases, which are [GM] with rats and mice should be the case for use of chimpanzees in medical research has undermined," as the 'high cost in dollars,Pain and suffering and ethics.
XIII. Earlier in the direction of species-International Human Rights:
As calls for a ban of chimpanzees for research expands to include governments and courts have also prior to their special status primarily because of their self-awareness and the ability of themselves within the physical and spiritual, a more complex level of thought abstract thinking illustrate detect found mainly in people.
In 1986, the United Kingdom, the firstField experiments on chimpanzees and other primates ban. Parliament of New Zealand in 1999, followed by treatment with the Netherlands and Australia, in the years 2002 and 2003.
In September 2005, inaugurated in Bahia, Brazil court by Judge Edmundo Lucio da Cruz protection of habeas corpus to a 23-year-old chimpanzee, Suica granted so that he could of captivity in a zoo cage with little mental stimulation sent to a sanctuary, where they couldenjoy a social life (with 35 other chimpanzees), the possibility of starting a family, and open spaces. And 'that has never been Suica died suddenly in the sanctuary with the first animal recognized as a legal person.
In June 2008 the Spanish Parliament approved a resolution provides a precedent for human rights, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans, which says that these non-human hominids should have the right to life, liberty, and enjoy their physicalIntegrity will be protected against torture.
In December 2009, when the University World News (December 20, 2009), reported "a ban on the use of great apes such as chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans scientific evidence [was] accepted by and large" by Parliament Parliament and EU Council of Ministers subject to slight changes in the text for final approval.
XIV Conclusion:
Based on the remarkable cognitive abilities of chimpanzees, the fact that they are particularly closeApproaching the man and the scientific evidence accumulates, it is essential that they and other sentient beings (such as apes, dolphins) to recognize their special status of protection for granted – that the prisoners used only for the types of received . If the prisoner is required, it is essential that the intellectual stimulation and respect they deserve, their individuality is appreciated and, above all, the laws passed prohibiting their use, is granted as non-consenting GuineaPigs subjected to unnecessary torture, pain and suffering.
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[1] T. Matsuno and M. Tomonaga. An advantage for concavities form the perception of chimpanzees. (Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. March 3, 2007).
[2] chimpanzees as an artist. Artist ezine. December 29, 2009. http://www.artistsezine.com/WhyChimp.htm
Additional Reference:
Chimpanzees. Global Action Network. (Montreal, Canada. 2005). December 262009 http://www.gan.ca/animals/chimpanzees.en.html
